18 verifiable claims checked against the declared research off-the-clock-work-by-state and its fact-check (Portal-to-Portal Act, integral-and-indispensable test, continuous workday, California control test, Troester de minimis rejection, Mt. Clemens burden-shifting, pre-shift system-login scenario). 18 ✓ Verified, 0 ⚠ Partial, 0 ✗ Issue. No circuit-specific boot-up holdings (e.g. unresearched Cadena/Peterson) appear in the article. No invented dollar figures.
2 claims
Portal-to-Portal Act excludes ordinary commute and preliminary/postliminary activities unless integral and indispensable
Matches research federal floor; same framing as parent off-the-clock article.
FLSA suffer-or-permit / knew-or-should-have-known constructive knowledge standard
5 claims
Integrity Staffing integral-and-indispensable test — intrinsic element + employee cannot dispense with it
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Integrity Staffing Solutions v. Busk, 574 U.S. 27 (2014))
Security screenings not compensable federally under Integrity Staffing; bag checks compensable in California under Frlekin
Used only to explain federal vs California control test breadth, not as a boot-up holding.
California rejects federal de minimis doctrine for regular off-the-clock work (Troester v. Starbucks)
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Troester, 5 Cal.5th 829 (2018))
Mt. Clemens burden-shifting when employer records inadequate — just and reasonable inference
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co., 328 U.S. 680 (1946))
Donning protective gear integral/indispensable under IBP; security screening not under Integrity Staffing (illustrative contrast only)
1 claim
Continuous workday begins with first principal activity (IBP v. Alvarez; 29 CFR §790.6)
2 claims
Pre-shift system login (timekeeping/POS at 8:55 with 9:00 clock-in) starts the workday; five-minute gap compensable federally and in California
Research states this scenario explicitly under continuous-workday + CA control/suffer-or-permit.
Pre-shift VPN login, after-hours email, and system checks can count for California remote employees under continuous workday + control
1 claim
California "subject to the control of an employer" test under IWC Wage Orders is broader than FLSA
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Frlekin, Morillion)
1 claim
Handbook ban on off-the-clock work does not defeat liability when employer knew or should have known
1 claim
Home-care / field pre-shift system logins to EHR or scheduling app begin the workday under continuous-workday rule
1 claim
Six states (CA, CO, MN, NY, OR, PA, WA — research lists seven including PA) have broader hours-worked tests that change off-the-clock outcomes
Article names PA, CO, NY, OR, WA, MN plus California without inventing new state holdings; defers to parent article for the full map.
1 claim
Audit against VPN, email, POS/EMR/CRM, badge logs is the parallel record for off-the-clock exposure
1 claim
California waiting-time penalties can stack on unpaid wages at separation (mentioned at high level)
Article does not restate the $4,800 worked example; keeps the stacking risk qualitative.
1 claim
Federal de minimis doctrine exists (29 CFR §785.47 / Lindow framework) but is limited; regular daily minutes are not the de minimis pattern
1 claim
No article claim invents Cadena, Peterson, or Sept 2025 district-court boot-up holdings
SERP snapshot named those cases for SEO context only; article applies researched federal/CA framework to boot-up scenarios without those case-specific holdings.
20 unique sources cited across the report — click to audit any claim directly against its evidence.
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Integrity Staffing Solutions v. Busk, 574 U.S. 27 (2014))
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Frlekin, Morillion)
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Troester, 5 Cal.5th 829 (2018))
research:off-the-clock-work-by-state (Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co., 328 U.S. 680 (1946))
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